What is obesity?

Being overweight or having obesity is most commonly defined by using the Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI is calculated by measuring height and weight, where weight is divided by height (kg/m2). BMI does not take muscle mass or percentage body fat into account. These are factors that need to be assessed at an individual basis. In adults, the limit for obesity is set as a BMI equal to or more than 30. A BMI in the range of 25-30 is classified as being overweight.

 

Children go through stages of growing and development, therefore we cannot use the same calculations as we do in adults. Age, gender and growth spurts are elements that need to be assessed when estimating BMI in children. Medical staff and researchers hence use specific growth charts (Iso-BMI charts) that can indicate whether a child is scoring above or below expected weight development compared to other children, according to age and gender. By using iso-BMI we can screen to see if the child struggles with being underweight/overweight, having obesity or scores within the expected range. The iso-BMI charts are specifically useful as they can track changes over time as the child transiitons into adolescence and adulthood. If you’re unsure about your child’s development you can discuss this with your health visitor. Should obesity be part of the picture, then the child will need to be assessed by a medical doctor in case there are other underlying causes to unhealthy weight patterns.

 

Obesity is a very complex issue, where many factors can contribute to the problem. Genetics, lifestyle, family background, socio-economic factors and personality traits can all affect the weight development of a child. It is therefore very important to together find where it is possible to make a change, for both child and adults involved. The focus for everyone, regardless of size or BMI, should be on making better lifestyle choices and establishing healthier living habits within the family unit.